Retinoids are a powerful class of skincare ingredients derived from vitamin A that play a crucial role in promoting healthy skin and combating signs of aging.1 There are still many frequently asked questions about retinoids. Below we pulled together our top 10:
-
What are retinoids?
- Retinoids are a class of compounds derived from vitamin A. They include prescription medications like tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene, as well as over-the-counter options like retinol and retinaldehyde.
-
What skin concerns do retinoids help with?
- Retinoids can treat acne, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, fade hyperpigmentation, improve skin texture, and increase cell turnover and collagen production.
-
How long until I see results from retinoids?
- Most people begin seeing initial improvements in 4-6 weeks, with more significant results appearing after 3-6 months of consistent use. Full benefits may take up to 12 months.
-
What is retinization (the retinoid uglies)?
- Retinization refers to temporary side effects when starting retinoids, including dryness, peeling, redness, and sometimes increased breakouts. These typically subside as your skin adapts.
-
How do I minimize irritation when starting retinoids?
- Start with a low concentration, use a pea-sized amount, apply to completely dry skin, begin with 1-2 applications per week and gradually increase, and use a "buffering" technique by applying moisturizer before or mixed with your retinoid.
-
When should I apply retinoids in my skincare routine?
- Apply retinoids at night after cleansing and before moisturizing. Wait 20-30 minutes after washing your face to ensure skin is completely dry.
Here's a breakdown of their role in a skincare routine:
How Retinoids Work: Retinoids work by increasing cell turnover, stimulating collagen production, and acting as antioxidants 1. This leads to several benefits:
- Reduced Wrinkles and Fine Lines: Retinoids help to smooth out wrinkles and fine lines by promoting collagen production and increasing skin cell turnover 1.2
- Improved Skin Tone and Texture: They help to even out skin tone and improve texture by exfoliating dead skin cells and reducing hyperpigmentation 1.3
- Acne Treatment: Retinoids help to unclog pores and reduce inflammation, making them effective in treating acne 3.4
- Sun Damage Repair: They can help to repair some of the damage caused by sun exposure, such as dark spots and wrinkles 5.5
Types of Retinoids:
There are various types of retinoids, each with different strengths and potential for irritation 6:6
- Retinyl Esters: The mildest form, requiring multiple conversions to become active.7 Good for beginners or sensitive skin 7.
- Retinol: The most common type, offering a balance of effectiveness and tolerability 7.
- Retinaldehyde (Retinal): Stronger than retinol, with faster results but potentially more irritating 7.
- Retinoic Acid (Tretinoin): The most potent form, available by prescription only 7.
Incorporating Retinoids into Your Routine:
- Start Slowly: Begin with a low concentration and gradually increase frequency as your skin adapts 1.8
- Nighttime Application: Apply retinoids at night, as they can increase sun sensitivity 8.9
- Sun Protection: Always wear sunscreen during the day when using retinoids 1.10
- Moisturize: Retinoids can cause dryness, so follow up with a moisturizer 4.11
- Avoid Certain Combinations: Don't use retinoids with other strong exfoliants like AHAs or direct vitamin C 1.
Potential Side Effects:
Retinoids can cause dryness, redness, and peeling, especially when first starting 11.12 These side effects usually subside as your skin adjusts.13
By understanding the role and benefits of retinoids, you can effectively incorporate them into your skincare routine to achieve healthier, more youthful-looking skin.